Boolean Algebra

Last updated May 26, 2023 Edit

• Compsci
• Theory
• Boolean

NOT XOR

000 011 101 111

NOT A OR B AND C

OR 0 1 1 1

NAND 1 1 1 0

• The ALU in a CPU uses a half-adder logic circuit for performing the binary addition of two bits.

• The input consists of two bits, A and B, and hence 2^2=4 input combinations are possible.

• Two output bits are required to denote the sum and the carry.

• The output Sum(S) is 1 when both inputs A and B have different values.

• S is true under two conditions:

  • A is false and B is true
  • A is true and B is false

• The Sum is an XOR operation between A and B.

• The output carry is only 1 when A and B are also true

• Full adders can be expanded to adders of any number of bits.
• n full adders shall be combined to form an n-bit adder.

• The output is dependent on the combination of inputs.

• The output is not only dependent on the present state of input variables, but also on the past state of output variables.
• To store the past state of input variables, we need a memory unit in the circuit.

• Two bits in, 1 bit out and 1 carry out (half) - A AND B in -> S AND C out
• Two bits in, 1 bit out and 1 carry out (full) - A AND B AND C in -> S AND C out

1. AND
2. NOR

• The circuit diagram and truth table for an SR latch.

• For synchronous sequential circuits, we require a clock signal.
• A clock is a type of sequential circuit that changes state at regular intervals.
• A clock signal synchronises the components in sequential circuit. A positive-edge triggering clock signal is given below. The output responds to the changes in the input only at the positive edge of the clock pulse.

• Alternatively, a negative-edge triggering sequential circuit can also be designed.

Requires the clock pulse.

• The input and output waveforms of a positive-edge triggered D flip-flop are given.
• The output Q follows the input D at the positive edges of the clock pulse.
• Assume the value of Q is 0 initially.

D = Delay

• The input J acts as the set input and K acts as the reset input. When both J and K are equal to 1, the value of Q is switched.

Binary Logic